Avi Shlaim, who gave the fifth Hurndall Memorial Lecture in 2009, is an Emeritus Professor of International Relations at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of the British Academy. His books include War and Peace in the Middle East: A Concise History (1995); The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World (2014); Lion of Jordan: The Life of King Hussein in War and Peace (2007); and Israel and Palestine: Reappraisals, Revisions, Refutations (2009).