Copyright

Kerk F. Kee, Amy Koerber, Jesse C. Starkey, Karin Ardon-Dryer, R. Glenn Cummins, and Lyombe Eko

Published On

2023-10-24

Page Range

pp. 73–102

Language

  • English

Print Length

30 pages

2. Open Science, Open Data: The ‘Open’ Movement in Scholarly Publishing

In Chapter 2, ‘Open Science, Open Data,’ Kerk F. Kee takes a broader look at ‘openness’ as it has been used in conversations about scientific research and publishing. ‘Openness’ is often touted as an antidote for all the problems that exist in scholarly publishing. The rationale is that if we can achieve greater transparency in publishing practices, there will be no more impetus for predatory publishers to go on. More specifically, the reasoning goes, predatory publishing has been able to thrive because so much of academic publishing occurs in a black box, behind closed doors. We have trusted double-blind peer review for many centuries as the gold standard that ensures the quality of scientific knowledge. But most of the time, in the way peer review traditionally operates, the readers of a scientific article simply must trust in blind faith that reviews are taking place. This practice allows predatory publishing to thrive because it creates the possibility that a journal can advertise itself as a peer-reviewed journal but then publish articles without putting them through the peer-review process. ‘Open data’ and ‘open science’ are touted as antidotes because they require researchers to share their actual data so that readers can judge the quality of the science for themselves. ‘Open peer review’ is another variation on this—this entails publishing the reviewer reports along with the article so, again, readers can see for themselves that peer review did occur. Chapter 2 explores how our interview participants articulated claims such as these, but also, how some interviewees push back against such claims, pointing out the limitations of openness as a solution to the predatory publishing problem.

Contributors

Kerk F. Kee

(author)
Associate Professor in Professional Communication at Texas Tech University

Kerk F. Kee, Ph.D., is Professor in the College of Media & Communication at Texas Tech University. His research primarily focuses on information diffusion and innovation adoption in scientific organizations, and secondarily in health communities and pro-environmental societies. Broadly speaking, his research interests lie at the intersection of information dissemination, technology use, and scientific work. Besides the National Science Foundation (NSF) funded research co-authored with colleagues in this book on predatory publishing, he is also working on an NSF project looking at designing an AI-driven platform and chatbot with algorithms to filter COVID-19 related publications based on different levels of evidence (e.g., meta-analyses vs. randomized controlled trials vs. editorials/expert opinions without empirical support), in order to help clinicians and medical professionals screen and rank a large amount of (mis/dis)information on COVID-19, a data deluge problem that became overwhelming during the pandemic. Kee received his Ph.D. in organizational communication from the University of Texas at Austin.

Amy Koerber

(author)
Professor in Communication Studies at Texas Tech University

Amy Koerber, Ph.D., is Professor in Communication Studies and Associate Dean for Administration & Finance in the College of Media & Communication at Texas Tech University. Dr. Koerber's research agenda explores how experts make effective arguments in contexts of health, science, and medicine. Toward this end, she employs multiple research methods, including textual analysis as well as interviews and focus groups. Although her doctoral training is based in classical rhetoric, her current research employs a wide variety of theoretical frameworks, and she is especially interested in scholarly approaches that facilitate interdisciplinary collaboration and knowledge-making. Dr. Koerber’s last book, From Hysteria to Hormones: A Rhetorical History, was published by Penn State University Press in April 2018 and was awarded the President’s Book Award at Texas Tech University.

Jesse C. Starkey

(author)

Jesse C. Starkey, Ph.D. is an independent grant writer and strategic communication consultant, serving clients in the academic, private, and non-profit sectors who are seeking to make positive social change in their communities. She has a Master's degree in Higher Education Administration from Sam Houston State University and a Ph.D. in Media and Communication from Texas Tech University. Her experience bridges the academic and industry worlds, and her research examines communication in areas of social change, including scholarly knowledge production, social movements, and mental health. Dr. Starkey served as a research assistant for the STEPP project during her Ph.D. program, assisting with all aspects of the research design, data collection and analysis, and report writing. She continued working with the research team after graduation as an editor and project manager.

Karin Ardon-Dryer

(author)
Assistant Professor in Atmospheric Science at Texas Tech University

Karin Ardon-Dryer, Ph.D., is a faculty member in the Department of Geosciences at the Atmospheric Science Group at Texas Tech University. Before joining TTU she was a Postdoctoral Associate in the Department of Earth, Atmosphere, and Planetary Sciences (EAPS) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); and later a Postdoctoral Fellow in the Department of System Biology at Harvard Medical School at Harvard University. Dr. Ardon-Dryer received her Ph.D. in Atmospheric Science from the Department of Geophysics, Atmospheric and Planetary Science, and the Porter School of Environmental Studies at Tel Aviv University in Israel. Dr. Ardon-Dryer's main research is on the effect that aerosols (mainly dust particles) have on climate, the environment, and our health. In particular, she takes an interdisciplinary approach and combines field and laboratory work to investigate the interaction between humans and climate (e.g., impact dust storms have on human health) in the short and long term. As part of her role as Co-PI in the STEPP project, Ardon-Dryer was responsible for the STEM topic as well as the early career aspects of the project.

R. Glenn Cummins

(author)
Professor in Journalism & Creative Media Industries at Texas Tech University

R. Glenn Cummins, Ph.D., is a professor of Journalism and Creative Media Industries at Texas Tech University. His research interests fall under the umbrella of media psychology and examine audience response to and processing of media as a function of message content, structure, and individual characteristics. His research has employed a variety of novel measurement approaches to studying individual cognitive and emotional processing of media messages, including psychophysiology, eye tracking, continuous response measurement, and more. He formerly served as Associate Dean for Research and Grants in the College of Media & Communication at Texas Tech where he helped grow the College’s sponsored research goals and facilitate interdisciplinary collaborations between communication scholars and partners across and beyond the university. He has been part of research teams sponsored by the NSF and USDA.

Lyombe Eko

(author)
Professor in Journalism & Creative Media Industries at Texas Tech University

Lyombe Eko, Ph.D., is a professor in the College of Media & Communication, Texas Tech University. His areas of research and teaching are comparative and international communication studies, as well as comparative information and communication technology law, policy, and ethics, with a focus on Africa, the European Union, the United States, France and the UK. He also studies visual communication, human rights, and freedom of expression. He has published award-winning books on comparative international communication law and policy. He has also published numerous, widely cited articles in international law review and media studies journals. He has been an associate professor, Director of Graduate Studies, and Director of the African Studies Program at the University of Iowa. He has also taught at the University of Maine, Orono. He earned his Ph.D. in Journalism from Southern Illinois University at Carbondale. Before his academic career, he was a journalist at Cameroon Radio and Television (CRTV), and an editor/translator, at the African Broadcasting Union (URTNA) in Nairobi, Kenya.