The second chapter summarises previous scholarship on the interface between the medieval Hebrew and Arabic grammatical traditions and their respective literatures. In particular, it considers research on Jewish education in Muslim countries, the Arabic sources for the Hebrew grammarians’ works, attitudes towards sacred texts, comparative Semitic philology of the Middle Ages, terminology for the languages, traditional Jewish and Arab societies, and literary genres and topoi. Though none of the existing scholarship is specifically devoted to the interface of language ideology between the two traditions, these numerous adjacent topics underscore the relevance and need for such a study. These issues also feed into numerous topics addressed later in the book.